Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) actually reduces the cost and time of sub-surface characterisation when carried out along with appropriate validation with invasive techniques. The best tools in the NDT category for the hills will be Seismic, Electrical Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) which is very useful in subsoil investigations and offers concrete characterisation of different layers.
The recent incidents of landslides, cloudbursts and flooding in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Ja
Source: NDT
